INSERT .. ON CONFLICT .. EXCLUDED
Applies to ✅ Open Source Edition ✅ Express Edition ✅ Professional Edition ✅ Enterprise Edition
A special use-case for INSERT .. ON CONFLICT is an UPSERT statement where all (or most of) the values to be updated are the same values that would have been inserted if there wasn't a conflict - with the exception of primary keys. In PostgreSQL, this is done using the EXCLUDED pseudo table. The keyword should be read as "rows that have been excluded from the INSERT part of the statement."
// Add a new author called "Koontz" with ID 3.
// If that ID is already present, update the author's name
create.insertInto(AUTHOR, AUTHOR.ID, AUTHOR.LAST_NAME)
.values(3, "Koontz")
.onConflict(AUTHOR.ID)
.doUpdate()
.set(AUTHOR.LAST_NAME, excluded(AUTHOR.LAST_NAME))
.execute();
Dialect support
This example using jOOQ:
insertInto(AUTHOR, AUTHOR.ID, AUTHOR.LAST_NAME).values(3, "X").onConflict(AUTHOR.ID).doUpdate().set(AUTHOR.LAST_NAME, excluded(AUTHOR.LAST_NAME))
Translates to the following dialect specific expressions:
-- AURORA_POSTGRES, COCKROACHDB, DUCKDB, POSTGRES, SQLITE, YUGABYTEDB
INSERT INTO AUTHOR (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
3,
'X'
)
ON CONFLICT (ID)
DO UPDATE
SET
LAST_NAME = excluded.LAST_NAME
-- DB2
MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
SELECT 3, 'X'
FROM SYSIBM.DUAL
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = t.LAST_NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
t.ID,
t.LAST_NAME
)
-- DERBY
MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING SYSIBM.SYSDUMMY1
ON AUTHOR.ID = 3
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
3,
'X'
)
-- EXASOL
MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
SELECT 3, 'X'
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = t.LAST_NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
t.ID,
t.LAST_NAME
)
-- FIREBIRD
MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
SELECT 3, 'X'
FROM RDB$DATABASE
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = t.LAST_NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
t.ID,
t.LAST_NAME
)
-- H2
MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
SELECT
3 ID,
'X' LAST_NAME
) t
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = t.LAST_NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
t.ID,
t.LAST_NAME
)
-- HANA
MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
(
SELECT
3 ID,
'X' LAST_NAME
FROM SYS.DUMMY
)
) t
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = t.LAST_NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
t.ID,
t.LAST_NAME
)
-- HSQLDB
MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
SELECT 3, 'X'
FROM (VALUES(1)) AS dual(dual)
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = t.LAST_NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
t.ID,
t.LAST_NAME
)
-- ORACLE
MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
(
SELECT
3 ID,
'X' LAST_NAME
)
) t
ON (AUTHOR.ID = t.ID)
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = t.LAST_NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
t.ID,
t.LAST_NAME
)
-- SQLSERVER
MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
SELECT 3, 'X'
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = t.LAST_NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
t.ID,
t.LAST_NAME
);
-- SYBASE
MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
SELECT 3, 'X'
FROM SYS.DUMMY
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = t.LAST_NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
t.ID,
t.LAST_NAME
)
-- TERADATA
MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
SELECT 3, 'X'
FROM (
SELECT 1 AS "dual"
) AS "dual"
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
LAST_NAME = t.LAST_NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
t.ID,
t.LAST_NAME
)
-- ACCESS, ASE, AURORA_MYSQL, BIGQUERY, INFORMIX, MARIADB, MEMSQL, MYSQL, REDSHIFT, SNOWFLAKE, SQLDATAWAREHOUSE, TRINO,
-- VERTICA
/* UNSUPPORTED */
(These are currently generated with jOOQ 3.19, see #10141), or translate your own on our website
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